What is a common adverse effect of morphine that affects breathing?

Respiratory depression is a well-known adverse effect of morphine and other opioid analgesics. Morphine acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain, but in doing so, it also depresses the medullary respiratory center, leading to a reduction in the rate and depth of breathing. This can be dangerous, especially at higher doses or in individuals who may be opiate-naive, as their bodies are not accustomed to the drug’s effects.

In clinical practice, monitoring respiratory function is crucial when administering morphine, as respiratory depression can lead to inadequate oxygenation and potentially result in respiratory failure. Opioid dosages must be carefully managed to prevent this serious side effect. Other factors, such as concurrent use of respiratory depressants or pre-existing respiratory conditions, can exacerbate the risk of respiratory depression in individuals receiving morphine.